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Perfume
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E: Hi. Welcome to "Let's talk". Today we're going to be talking about fragrance, and scent, and smell.
R: Yeah. Scents and smell. So you can learn some new vocabulary words and maybe about smells around the world as well.
E: One of the most important of the five senses, which is 五种感知功能 is smelling, to be able to smell. And smell is one of those things that if you smell something, sometimes you can remember a long time ago when you smell that for the first time, maybe when you were a child.
R: One example that brings memory to a smell is just what smells clean to you.
I know when I've traveled to different countries I was interested in the different sense smelled clean. When I moved to the northern U.S. people like a pine smell from pine tree. Where I grow up it was a lemon smell that's not cleaned like you just cleaned.
E: In France, they like lavender (熏衣草) . Do you know the flower? The purple, small purple flower, lavender And maybe that's because in the south of France they have a whole fields of flowers that they use for perfumes.
R: And they clean with it too. If you walk into a clean French bathroom it smells of lavender.
E: Is that right?
R: That's very clean. But I know when I lived in Germany I was very surprised.
The clean smell there is vinegar. There is good smell, which we like to call fragrances, or scents, or even aromas. And of course the most famous is perfume. And we found out a little bit about perfumes and the history of perfumes.
E: The history of perfume is very long. It goes all the way back into Egypt thousands of years ago. And they use perfume in their religious ceremonies. And in fact they even had a god of perfume.
R: And the Latin roots of the word "perfume" come from "through", "per" is "through" and "fume" is, which was "smoke". And it was incense burning.
And smelling the fragrance of the incense smoke, which you can smell here in China as well.
E: In fact, they use perfume to cover up smells. When Louis the fifteenth, one of the kings of France many years ago, when he wanted to clean up, he didn't take a bath. I bet it was too cold for him. He would just add more perfume. And then that would cover up any of the smells. Maybe they only took a bath once a month or something, or once a year.
R: We usually think of perfumes as falling into three categories: flowers, spicy and citrus like fruits, right? And they can be for men or women. There is a whole huge industry, which was based in France. But I have read that China, southern China is also developing this industry in growing the plants and flowers for those oils.
E: Someone said to me in a flower market the other day, they said "Oh. Buy this. Buy this. It smells, it smells." That's something we thought "Oh we better teach this for your flower sellers out there." If you say something smells. It usually means it smells bad. If it smells good. You can say, "It smells good". Or "That's a fragrant smell".
R: You know some people who work in this industry of creating new fragrances and new air fresheners for rooms and oils for the body, or perfumes for people to wear. They're professionals and they analyze fragrances and they're called "a nose", that's a job.
E: I know "a nose". My mother has a friend who is "a perfume nose". You can be "a perfume nose". You could also be "a wine nose". Someone who uses their nose to smell the best wines.
R: Well. We want to make sure you know the good words for smells like fragrance and aroma, and scent. But also the bad words for smell. And one I think of is, "It stinks." "It stinks" or "It's stinky." And in fact you can even use when something is a little shady and you don't mean it's actual odor. You mean maybe the money transaction, something you bought or sold was not quite right. You could say, "Something smells about that."
E: Or you can say you smell something fishy.
R: When you thinking of perfume. You want to, especially when you are buying a perfume you want to use the right words. If you are a woman. You might buy perfume. If you are a man. You might buy cologne.
E: These are differences. Guys don't say they wear perfume. That's for girls.
R: There're unisex fragrances now. And they don't call it "perfume" or "cologne". They just say "fragrance" or "spray". But no matter what you do, you should "take time to smell the roses. "And that's a good idiom for us all to think about how we need to relax, smell something fragrant. And it will make us happy.
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谈气味芬芳
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E: 欢迎收看“你说我说”。今天我们要讲一讲"fragrance and scent"（香味）"smell"（气味）。
R: 是的 "scent and smell"，你可以学到些新的词汇，你还可以了解到一些不同国家的人们对气味的特殊感觉。
E: 人有五种重要的感知功能，其中之一便是嗅觉 。嗅觉的特别之处在于当你嗅到某种特殊气味的时候，马上能唤起你很久以前的记忆，使你想起初次闻到这种气味的情景，甚至把你带到童年的记忆中去。
R: 我们可以举个例子来说明气味可以诱导人的记忆，比如什么气味是洁净的气味？在各地旅行时，让我觉得有趣的是 人们对洁净气味的不同联想。我在美国北部居住时，那里的人们喜欢松树的味道。在我的家乡， 人们偏爱柠檬的味道，他们认为柠檬的味道才是干净的味道。
E: 法国人喜欢"lavender"（薰衣草）。你知道这种紫色的小花吗？或许是因为在法国南部遍地都是美丽的薰衣草吧。 人们用它来制作香水。
R: 法国人也用薰衣草来清洁房间，如果你到法国人洁净的卫生间看一看，你会感到薰衣草的芬芳扑面而来。
E: 是吗?
R: 我记得，我在德国居住期间，使我倍感新奇的是那里的人们把醋味当做洁净的味道。我们把好闻的气味叫"fragrances or scents" or " aromas"，当然"perfume"（香水）最为人们熟知。我们了解到一些香水的来历。
E: 香水的历史非常漫长，可以追溯到几千年之前的埃及古国。那时的埃及人把香水用于宗教仪式上。事实上，埃及甚至还有香神。
R: "perfume"一词由拉丁语的词根组成，"per-"是"through"（遍及）的意思， "fume"是"smoke"（烟）的意思，它的意思是点燃的香炉使得香烟缭绕，香气四溢。在中国你一定闻到过这样的味道。
E: 事实上，有些人利用香味来掩盖异味。历史上，法国国王路易十五
当他想把自己弄干净的时候，他不去洗澡，我猜可能是他怕冷吧，他往身上喷很多香水，这样就可以掩盖身上的异味。他可能一个月洗一次澡 ，也许一年才洗一次。
R: 我们通常把香水的味道分成三类: 花的香味， 香料的香味 和柑橘类水果的香味，这些香味对男女都很适宜。法国有庞大的香水制造业种植基地。据说中国南部也在发展这样的花卉种植业，以便提炼香精油。
E: 在花卉市场，有人对我说：“买这种花吧， It smells。”这件事让我觉得有必要告诉那些卖花者，如果你说"Something smells."一般是说它的味道不好闻。如果什么东西很好闻，你可以说"It smells good."或者说"That's a fragrant smell."
R: 在香味剂制造业中,比如制造空气清新剂，或者制造香体液或香水等，有些人的工作是对香味进行分析，他们被人称做"a nose"，这是一种工作。
E: 我认识一个从事这项工作的人，我妈妈有位朋友是个"perfume nose" 。你可以做"perfume nose" ，你也可以做"wine nose" ，这类人的工作就是用他们的鼻子鉴别出上好的酒。
R: 我想大家已经知道了表示芳香的词语有 "fragrance" "aroma and scent"。表示不好闻的词语，我能想到说法是 "It's stinks." 或者 "It's stinky."（发出臭味）。这种表示不好闻的说法也可以用在当你怀疑某事不对味的时候，当然不是指什么东西的味道不对，而是指某种金钱交易有问题。这时你可以说"Something smells about that"。
E: 或者说"You smell something fishy"。
R: 当你想到香水，尤其是当你买香水的时候，你要知道那种说法是恰当的。女士用的香水叫"perfume"，男士用的香水叫"cologne"。
E: 男士和女士用的香水叫法不一样，男士不能说：他用"perfume"，那是女孩用的。
R: 现在有了男女都能用的香水，它不叫"perfume"也不叫"cologne"，人们叫它"fragrance"或"spray"。但是无论你做什么，给自己留点时间。
要知道“玫瑰依然芬芳等你去欣赏”，这对我们大家都是个好的建议，我们需要放松心情 ，需要去体验花的芳香，因为它能给我们带来快乐。
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