EmailNotes:
[1] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2000. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2000. Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[2] The feudal upper class refers to aristocrats, government officials and upper class monks before the democratic reform in 1959.
[3] Gyaltsen Norbu and Dorje Tseten. A Brief History of Tibet's Economy. Beijing: China Tibetology Press, 2000.
[4] See the report by Karma Dorje and Lhapa Tsering carried on Tibet Channel in Xinhuanet dated December 28. The report originally appeared at http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/channel450/451/1352/200112/28/143468.html
[5] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[6] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 1990 and Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008.
[7] Ditto.
[8] See relevant section in Part IV of this report.
[9] A traditional Tibetan farming technique--two oxen pulling a plow. One farmer guides the oxen, another supports the plow and a third sows the seeds. Or there is no such a person leading an ox, and clod is crushed with a mallet when plowing is completed.
[10] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[11] Data of the Population Census of China in 2000: Tibet Autonomous Region. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2001.
[12] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[13] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[14] http://info.tibet.cn/focus2008/2008xzssysz/index.htm.
[15] "Tibetan Language Develops with Care and Protection", www.chinatibetnews.com, December 4, 2008.
[16] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[17] Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008.
[18] Lhorong Dradul. On Poverty and Anti-Poverty in Tibet. Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing House, 2000.
[19] The program was the first poverty alleviation guiding principle with specific goals, objects, measures and deadline in the history of New China. In 1994, the Chinese government determined to launch a large-scale poverty-alleviation drive by mustering manpower, material resources and financial resources from all walks of life, striving to solve the problem of basic food and clothing of 80 million rural residents in poverty in seven years by the end of 2000.
[20] Guarantee of food, clothing, housing, medical care, and burial expenses for the elderly people who have no one to support them, the handicapped who have lost the ability to work and minors who have no source of income.
[21] http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/.
[22] Refer to www.china.com.cn for "facts and figures of 2008: Tibet, China."
[23] Data in Figs. 19 and 20 are taken from the book Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008. Refer to Tables 10-9 and 10-11 in that book.
[24] They are Lunbugang Village in Medrogungkar County, Lhasa, Tsongdu Village in Lhundrup County, and Tashiling Village in Dranang County, Shannan Prefecture.
[25] Wang Weiguang (vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences), "China Is Transforming from a Country with a Large Population to One with Strong Human Capital," Reform and Opening-up and Population Development Forum, Beijing, October 23, 2008.
